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Zero-Knowledge Proof

Last updated 17 October 2026Last verified 17 October 2026

What is a zero-knowledge proof?

A cryptographic technique that allows one party to prove a statement is true without revealing the underlying information. The verifier learns only that the proof is valid, not the inputs that generated it. In blockchains, ZK proofs verify that a batch of transactions was executed correctly without re-executing them on-chain, enabling the fast finality and lower cost of ZK rollups. ZK proofs are also used for privacy-preserving transactions and credential verification, proving eligibility without revealing personal data.

TradFi equivalentAn attestation that a set of records is correct without disclosing the records. It separates verification from disclosure, which confidentiality arrangements normally resolve by trusting the auditor instead.